ANTIPYRETICS /ANALGESICS/NSAIDS

---

Formulations : Tablet, Vial, INJECTION

Brand Names : Aspirin, Colsprin, Ecosprin, Disprin, Loprin

Pharmacological Action : It is a salicylic acid derivatives. It acts as a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor. 

• Antipyretic Action: It resets the hypothalamic thermostat and rapidly reduces fever by promoting heat loss , but does not decrease heat production. 
• NSAIDs Activity:  It's anti-inflammatory action is exerted at high dose. In addition to cyclooxygenase inhibition, quenching of free radicals may contribute to its anti-inflammatory action. However, progression of the underlying disease in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and rheumatic fever etc.  is not affected.  
• Analgesic Activity:  It's analgesic action is mainly due to obtunding of peripheral pain receptors and prevention of prostaglandin mediated sensitisation of nerve endings.
  
  Side Effects : nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, increased occult blood loss in stools.
  
  
  Therapeutic_Uses : used as antipyretics.

Formulations: Tablet, Injection

#Brand_Names : Voveran, Diclonac, Movonac, Diclomax, Dynapar, Justin

#Pharmacological_Action : It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and is somewhat cyclooxygenase 2 selective. The antiplatelet action is not appreciable due to sparing of cyclooxygenase 1 and the cardioprotective effect of low dose aspirin is not blocked. Neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide production at the inflammatory site are reduced.

#Side_Effects : epigastric pain, nausea, headache, dizziness, rashes, gastric ulceration and bleeding.


#Therapeutic_Uses : used as antipyretics drug.

#Formulations : Tablet, Suspension

#Brand_Names : Brufen, Emflam, Ibusynth, Ibugesic

#Pharmacological_Action : It has been rated as the safest traditional NSAID by the spontaneous adverse drug reactions reporting system in United Kingdom. It has been found equally or more efficacious than a combination of aspirin & codeine in relieving dental surgery pain, but is a weaker anti-inflammatory; not suitable for acute gout and other similar conditions.
    Concurrent treatment with ibuprofen has been found to prevent irreversible Cyclooxygenase inhibition by low dose aspirin , because it reversibly occupies the active serine residue of cyclooxygenase 1 and protects it from irreversible acetylation by aspirin. Thus, the antiplatelet action of ibuprofen is short lasting, and it abolishes the antiplatelet and cardioprotective effect of low dose aspirin.


#Dose : 400- 600mg (5-10 mg/kg) TDS


#Therapeutic_Uses : used as antipyretics

#Formulations : Tablet, Capsule, Ampoules, Injection

#Brand_Names : Dolonex, Pirox, Piricam


#Pharmacological_Action : It is a long acting potent NSAID with anti-inflammatory potency similar to indomethacin and good analgesics antipyretics action. It is a non selective, reversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase; lowers prostaglandin concentrations in synovial fluid and inhibits platelet aggregation prolonging bleeding time. In addition, it decreases the production of free radicals and Immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor. Leucocyte chemotaxis is inhibited. Thus, it can inhibit inflammation in diverse ways.


#Side_Effects : ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding, Rashes and pruritus


#Dose : 20mg BD for two days followed by 20 mg OD.


#Therapeutic_Uses : used as antipyretics

#Formulations : Capsules

#Brand_Names : Celact, Revibra, Colcibra


#Pharmacological_Action : The cyclooxygenase 2 selective of it is modest. It does not makes an effect on cyclooxygenase 1 in gastroduodenal mucosa. Platelet aggregation in response to collagen exposure remained intact in celecoxib recipients and serum TXB² levels were not reduced. Though tolerability of it is better than traditional NSAID.


#Side_Effects : abdominal pain, dyspepsia, mild diarrhoea


#Dose : 100-200 mg BD


#Therapeutic_Uses : used as antipyretics

#Formulations : Tablet, Suspension, Injection, Syrup

#Brand_Names : Crocin, Metacin, Paracin, Ultragin, Pyrigesic, Calpol, Neomol, Fevastin, Febrinil, Crocin Pain Relief, Kabipara, Aeknil, Junimol- RDS, Paracetamol Rectal Suppository


#Pharmacological_Action : It's ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase 3 could also account for its analgesic - antipyretic action. It does not affect platelet function or clotting factors is not uricosuric. It does not  makes a considerable effect on cyclooxygenase due to this reason it shows poor anti-inflammatory action.


#Side_Effects : Nausea, Rashes


#Dose : 325- 600 mg TDS

#Therapeutic_Uses : used as antipyretics