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Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi)
Taxonomy
Kingdom : Plantae
Class: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Trachyspermum
Species: Ammi
Biological Source
Dried ripe fruits of Trachyspermum ammi
Chemical Constituents
Volatile Oil: 2%-4%
0 Thymol: 35%-50% (Responsible for antibiotic activity)
0 p-cymene: 50%-55% (responsible for antitussive activity)
0 terpinene: 30%-35%
Fat: 21%
Protiens: 17%
Carbohydrates: 25%
How did Antibiotics?
It is used as antibiotics due to presence of Thymol.
Bhibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica )
Taxonomy
Kingdom : Plantae
Order: Myrtales
Family: Combretaceae
Genus: Terminalia
Species: bellirica
Biological Source
Root and stem of Terminalia bellirica
Chemical Constituents
Setosterol (NSAIDs, Antitumour Effect)
Egalic Acid (Antitumour Effect)
Galic Acid (NSAIDs, Antitumour Effect)
Galloyl Glucose
Chebugalic Acid
Chebulasic Acid
How did Antibiotic?
Due to presence of setosterol, Bhibhitaki shows antibiotic effect.
Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn )
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Taxonomy
Kingdom : Plantae
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Ocimum
Species: sanctum
Biological Source
Fresh & dried leaves of Ocimum sanctum Linn.
Chemical Constituents
Volatile Oil: 0.1-0.9%
Eugenol: 70% (NSAIDs, Anaesthetic, Antibiotic, Anticarcinogenic Effect)
Carvacrol : 3% (NSAIDs, Anaesthetic, Antibiotic, Anticarcinogenic Effect)
Eugenol-methyl-Ether: 20% (NSAIDs, Anaesthetic, Antibiotic, Anticarcinogenic Effect)
Caryophyllin (NSAIDs, Anaesthetic, Antibiotic, Anticarcinogenic Effect)
Anthocyanins
How did Antibiotic?
Due to presence of Eugenol, carvacol & Caryophyllin, Tulsi shows antibiotic effect.
Vidanga (Embelia ribes )
Taxonomy
Kingdom : Plantae
Family: Myristaceae
Genus: Embelia
Species: ribes
Biological Source
Dried frits of Embelia ribes
Chemical Constituents
Embellin: 2% (NSAIDs, Antibiotic, Anticarcinogenic Effect)
Vilangin: 1% (Hypoglycemic Effect)
Quircitol: 1% (NSAIDs, Antibiotic, Anticarcinogenic Effect)
Cheristembin: 1% (NSAIDs, Antibiotic, Anticarcinogenic Effect)
How did Antibiotic?
Due to presence of Embellin, Quircitol & Cheristembin, Vidanga shows antibiotic effect.
Wild Mint (Mentha arvenis)
Taxonomy
Kingdom : Plantae
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Mentha
Species: Arvenis
Biological Source
Fresh or dried leaves of Mentha arvenis.
Chemical Constituents
Menthone (NSAIDs Effect)
Piperitone (Antibiotic, NSAIDs Effect)
Methyl Acetate (Antibiotic, NSAIDs Effect)
Neomenthol (Antibiotic, NSAIDs Effect)
Isomenthol (Antibiotic, NSAIDs Effect)
How did Antibiotic?
Due to presence of menthone & menthol, wild mint shows antibiotic effect.
Neem (Azadirachta indica)
Morphology
Colour: Green
Odour: Specific
Taste: Bitter
Biological Source
Dry seeds of Azadirachta indica of meliaceae family.
Chemical Constituents
Nimbidin (NSAIDs, Antibiotic Effect)
Nimbin (NSAID, Antidiabetic, Antibiotic Effect)
Nimbinin (NSAIDs, Antibiotic Effect)
Nimbidol (NSAIDs, Antibiotic Effect)
Nimbosterol (NSAIDs, Antibiotic Effect)
How did Antibiotic?
Due to presence of nimbin & nimbidin, Neem shows antibiotic effect.
Tea Tree (Melaleca alternifolia)
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Morphology
Colour: Colourless to pale yellow
Odour: Terpene like
Biological Source
Dried or fresh leaves of Melaleca alternifolia of Myrtaceae family.
Chemical Constituents
Terpineol: 30-48% (Antibiotic & NSAIDs Effect)
Terpinene: 10-28% (Antibiotic & NSAIDs Effect)
Cineole: 15% (Antibiotic & NSAIDs Effect)
Terpinloene : 5% (Antibiotic & NSAIDs Effect)
Terpineol: 8% (Antibiotic & NSAIDs Effect)
Pinene: 6% (Antibiotic & NSAIDs Effect)
Cymene : 8% (Antibiotic & NSAIDs Effect)
How did Antibiotic?
Due to presence of Terpineole & Terpinene, Tea Tree shows antibiotic effect.
Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)
Morphology
Colour: Greenish Brown
Odour: Strongly Aromatic
Taste: Pungent
Biological Source
Dried kernels of Myristica fragrans of Myristicaceae family.
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Chemical Constituents
Myristicin: 4-8% (Antibiotic,NSAIDs Effect)
Soffrole (Antibiotic Effect)
Elimicin (Antibiotic Effect)
How did Antibiotic?
Due to presence of Myristicine, Soffrole & Elimicin, Nutmeg shows antibiotic effect.
Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata)
Morphology
Colour: dark green
Odour: Odourless
Taste: Intensely Bitter
Biological Source
Dried leaves of Andrographis paniculata of Acanthaceae family.
Chemical Constituents
Andrographolide: 1% ( anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes )
Lactone: 1-2% ( antibacterials, antivirals, antifungals effect)
Kalmeghin: 0.85-2.5%
How did Antibiotic?
Due to presence of Lactone, Kalmegh shows antibiotic effect.
Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi)
Morphology
Colour: Dark Grey
Odour: Aromatic
Taste: Aromatic
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Biological Source
Dried rhizome of Nardostachys jatamansi of Valerianaceae family.
Chemical Constituents
Gallotannic Acid: 13% ( anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antitumor, cardioprotective, and anti-pathogenic effects )
Chromone
eugenin
Eugenol ( anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antipyretic, antioxidant, antifungal and analgesic properties )
How did Antibiotic?
Due to presence of Eugenol, Laung shows antibiotic effect.
Laung (Eugenia caryophyllus)
Morphology
Colour: Dark Brown
Odour: Aromatic
Taste: Aromatic
Biological Source
Dried rhizomes of Eugenia caryophyllus of Valerianaceae family.
Chemical Constituents
Jatamansone ( vasodilator, bronchodilator, spasmolytic and platelet aggregation inhibition activities )
Nardostachone ( antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, Hepatoprotective and cardioprotective properties. )
Jatamansic Acid ( antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, Hepatoprotective and cardioprotective properties )
How did Antibiotic?
Due to presence of Nardostachone, Jatamansi shows antibiotic effect.
Nirgundi (Vitex negundo)
Morphology
Colour: Greyish Green
Odour: Aromatic
Taste: Bitter
Biological Source
Dried leaves of Vitex negundo of Verbanaceae family.
Chemical Constituents
Vitexin (NSAIDs, Anticarcinogenic Effect)
Casticin (Anticarcinogenic Effect)
Isoorientoin (NSAIDs Effect)
Chrysophenol (Antidiabetic, Antibiotic, Anticarcinogenic Effect)
How did Antibiotic?
Due to presence of Chrysophenol, Nirgundi shows antibiotic effect.
Vasaka (Adhatoda vasica)
Morphology
Shape: Lanceolate
Odour: Specific
Taste: Bitter
Biological Source
Dried or fresh leaves of Adhatoda vasica of Acanthaceae family.
Chemical Constituents
Vasicine: 2-2.5% (NSAIDs, Antibiotic, Antitussive Effect)
Vasicinone (NSAIDs, Antibiotic, Antitussive Effect)
6-hydroxy vasicine (NSAIDs, Antibiotic, Antitussive Effect)
adhatodic acid (NSAIDs, Antibiotic, Antitussive Effect)
Vasicol (NSAIDs, Antibiotic, Antitussive, Anticarcinogenic Effect)
How did Antibiotic?
Due to presence of vasicine, vasicinone & vasicol, Vasaka shows antibiotic effect.