Antitubercular Drugs

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*Isoniazid*

#Formulations :

Isoniazid Tablet

Isoniazid Elixir

Isoniazid+ Ethambutol Tablet

Isoniazid+ Rifampicin Tablet

Sodium Salicylates and Isoniazid Granules/Powder

Isoniazid Injection

#Brand_Names : Isonex, Isokin, Tubizid, Isovit, Cadizide, Isocadipas. 

#Pharmacological_Action : It inhibits the formation of mycolic acid which forms the formation of cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis.       

It converts mycobacterium into a reactive metabolite by a catalase peroxidase enzyme. Then it forms adduct with nicotinamide which inhibits InhA KasA. 

#Side_Effects : Peripheral Neuritis, Paresthesias, Numbness. 

#Dose : 5mg/kg

#Therapeutic_Uses : used as antitubercular Drugs.

*Pyrazinamide*

#Formulations : Tablet, Syrup

#Brand_Names : Pyzina, Pza-Ciba , Rizap

#Pharmacological_Action : It is same as isoniazid. It is more lethal to intracellularly located bacilli and to those at sites showing an inflammatory response, probably because pH is acidic at both these locations. 

#Side_Effects : Hyperuricaemia, Gout, Rashes, Fever

#Dose : 25 mg/kg

#Therapeutic_Uses : used as antitubercular Drugs.

*Rifampicin*

#Formulations : Tablet, Capsule, Syrup, Suspension

#Pharmacological_Action : It interrupts RNA synthesis by binding to ß subunit of mycobacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase and blocking it's polymerizing function. The basis of selective toxicity is that mammalian RNA polymerase doesn't avidly bind rifampin. 

#Side_Effects : Rashes, Redness, Chills, Fever, Headache, Malaise, Bone Pain

#Dose : 10 mg/kg

#Therapeutic_Uses : used as antitubercular Drugs.

*Bedaquiline*

#Formulations : Tablet

#Brand_Names : Sirturo

#Pharmacological_Action : It inhibits mycobacterial ATP synthase, thereby limiting energy production within mycobacterial cell. It has exhibited strong bactericidal and sterilizing activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in in vitro tests and in animal models by killing both rapidly multiplying as well as dormant bacilli. 

#Side_Effects : Nausea, Headache, Anthralagia. 

#Therapeutic_Uses : used as antitubercular Drugs.