Anti Hypertensive Drugs

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*Propranolol*


#Formulations :
Propranolol Tablet
Propranolol Injection

#Brand_Names : Inderal, Ciplar, Innopran XL, Hemangeol


#Pharmacological_Action :
The mechanism by which it produce a sustained reduction in BP in patients with essential hypertension include:
1) Reduction in Heart rate and myocardial contractility, resulting in decreased cardiac output, due to blockade of cardiac ß1 receptors.
2) Reduced renin secretion due to blockade of  ß1 receptors in juxtaglomerular apparatus in renal cortex.
3) Reduction in central sympathetic outflow by blocking presynaptic ß receptors centrally
4) Stimulation of prostacyclin synthesis in vascular beds.
5) Blockade of peripheral facilitatory presynaptic ß2 - receptors to reduce noradrenaline release.
6) Increase in natriuretic peptide secretion caused by ß blockade.



#Side_Effects : stinging, redness and dryness of eye, corneal hypothesis, allergic blepharoconjunctivitis and blurred vision.


#Dose : 20 to 40 mg TDS

#Therapeutic_Uses : used as antihypertensive drug.

*Methyldopate Hydrochloride*

#Formulations : Tablet

#Pharmacological_Action : This alpha methyl analogue of dopa is converted in the body to alpha methyl noradrenaline which is a selective alpha 2 agonist. In the brain, the alpha methyl noradrenaline generated from methyldopate acts on central alpha 2 receptors to decrease efferent sympathetic activity. However, in contrast to clonidine, methyldopa decreases total physical response more than Heart Rate. It also inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase. It was initially believed that methyldopa acted as Antihypertensive by depressing synthesis of noradrenaline in peripheral sympathetic neurones.


#Side_Effects : Sedation, Lethargy, reduced mental capacity, dryness of mouth, nasal stuffiness, headache, fluid retention, weight gain and impotence.


#Dose : 0.25-0.5g BD - QID oral.


#Therapeutic_Uses : used as Antihypertensive drugs.

*Captopril*

#Formulations : Captopril Tablets IP

#Brand_Names : Captopril, Capoten, Aceten


#Pharmacological_Action : It works on the principle of ACE inhibitors . It inhibits the conversion of Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2. Due to this aldosterone secretion decreases due to this blood vessels dilates. Due to this the pressure lowered . It gives relief within 15minutes.

#Side_Effects : Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, Cough, Rashes, Urticaria, Dysgeusia, Foetopathic, Headache, Dizziness, Nausea, Bowel upset, Granulocytopenia, Proteinuria, Acute Renal Failure.



#Therapeutic_Uses : used as antihypertensive drug

*Clonidine*


#Formulations : Tablet

#Brand_Names : Catapres, Arkamin

#Pharmacological_Action : It is a imidazoline derivative having complex actions. Clonidine is a partial agonist with high affinity and high intrinsic activity at alpha 2 receptors, especially alpha 2A subtype in brainstem. The major haemodynamic effects result from stimulation of alpha 2A receptors present mainly postjunctionally in medula oblongata. This decreases sympathetic out flow resulting in BP and bradycardia.


#Side_Effects : sedation, mental depression, disturbed sleep, dryness of mouth, nose and eyes, constipation.


#Dose : 100ug OD, 300ug TDS

#Therapeutic_Uses : used as antihypertensive drug

*Hydralazine Hydrochloride*

#Formulations : Tablet

#Brand_Names : Nepredol

#Pharmacological_Action :  Increase in Cardiac Output    
     and renin release
                 👇
Increase Aldosterone
                 👇
Sodium and Water Retention
                  👇
         Artery Dilates
                    👇
   Blood Pressure Lowered

#Dose : 25- 50mg OD- TDS

#Therapeutic_Uses : used as antihypertensive drug