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Antacids
Sodium Bicarbonate
Magnesium Hydroxide
Sodium Bicarbonate
*Sodium Bicarbonate*
#Introduction
It is water solubleacts instan aneously, but the duration of action is short. It is a potent neutralizer (I g→ 12 mEq HCI), pH may rise above 7. However, it has several demerits:
(a) Absorbed systemically: large doses will induce alkalosis
(b) Produces CO, in stomach → distention, discomfort, belching
*Sodium Bicarbonate*
#Introduction
It is water solubleacts instan aneously, but the duration of action is short. It is a potent neutralizer (I g→ 12 mEq HCI), pH may rise above 7. However, it has several demerits:
(a) Absorbed systemically: large doses will induce alkalosis
(b) Produces CO, in stomach → distention, discomfort, belching, risk of ulcer perforation.
(c) Acid rebound occurs, but is usually short lasting.
(d) Increases Na' load: may worsen edema and CHF.
#Therapeutic_Uses : Use of sod. bicarbonate is restricted to casual treatment of heartburn. It provides quick symptomatic relief. Other uses are to alkalinize urine and to treat acidosis
Sodium Citrate
Magnesium Hydroxide
Sodium Bicarbonate
*Sodium Citrate*
#Introduction :
Properties similar to sodale 1 g neutralizes 10 mEq HCK CO, is not evolved.
Magnesium Hydroxide
Magnesium Hydroxide
Magnesium Trisilicate
*Magnesium Hydroxide
#Introduction :
It has low water solubility: its aqueous suspension (milk of magnesia) has low concentration of OH ions and thus low alkalinity. However, it reacts with HCI promptly and is an efficacious antacid (1 g → 30 mEq HCI).
#Brand_Names & Formulation : MILK OF MAGNESIA 0.4 g/5 ml suspension: 5 ml neutral- izes 12 mEq acid.
Magnesium Trisilicate
Aluminium Hydroxide Gel
Magnesium Trisilicate
*Magnesium Trisilicate*
#Introduction
It has low solubility and reactivity; 1 g can react with 10 mEq acid, but in clinical use only about 1 mEq is neutralized.
Aluminium Hydroxide Gel
Aluminium Hydroxide Gel
Aluminium Hydroxide Gel
*Aluminium Hydroxide Gel*
#Introduction :
It is a bland, weak and slowly reacting antacid. On keeping it slowly polymerizes to variable extents into still less reactive forms. Thus, the ANC of a preparation gradually declines on storage. Accordingly, 5 ml of its suspension may neutralize just 1 mEq HCl. As such, little worthwhile acid
*Aluminium Hydroxide Gel*
#Introduction :
It is a bland, weak and slowly reacting antacid. On keeping it slowly polymerizes to variable extents into still less reactive forms. Thus, the ANC of a preparation gradually declines on storage. Accordingly, 5 ml of its suspension may neutralize just 1 mEq HCl. As such, little worthwhile acid neutralization is obtained at conventional doses.
The Al³ ions relax smooth muscle. Thus, it delays gastric emptying. Alum. hydrox. frequently, causes constipation due to its smooth muscle relaxant and mucosal astringent action. Small amount of Al that is absorbed is excreted by kidney. This is impaired in renal failure-aluminium toxicity (encephalopathy, osteoporosis) can occur.
#Brand_Names : ALUDROX 0.84 g tab, 0.6 g/10 ml susp.
Magaldrate
Aluminium Hydroxide Gel
Aluminium Hydroxide Gel
*Magaldrate*
#Introduction :
It is a hydrated complex of hydroxy-magnesium aluminate that initially reacts rapidly with acid and releases alum. hydrox, which then reacts more slowly. The freshly released alum. hydrox. is in the unpolymerized more reactive form. Thus, magaldrate cannot be equated to a physical mixture of mag. and alum. h
*Magaldrate*
#Introduction :
It is a hydrated complex of hydroxy-magnesium aluminate that initially reacts rapidly with acid and releases alum. hydrox, which then reacts more slowly. The freshly released alum. hydrox. is in the unpolymerized more reactive form. Thus, magaldrate cannot be equated to a physical mixture of mag. and alum. hydroxides. It is a good antacid with prompt and sustained neutralizing action. Its ANC is estimated to be 28 mEq HCl/g.
#Brand_Names : STACID 400 mg tab, 400 mg/5 ml susp; ULGEL 400 mg with 20 mg simethicone per tab or 5 ml susp
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Carbonate
*Calcium Carbonate*.
#Introduction :
It is a potent and rapidly acting acid neutralizer (1 g→ 20 mEq HCI), but ANC of com mercial preparations is less and variable due to differing particle size and crystal structure. Though it liberates CO, in the stomach at a slower rate than NaHCO,, it can cause distention and discomfort. The Ca" ion
*Calcium Carbonate*.
#Introduction :
It is a potent and rapidly acting acid neutralizer (1 g→ 20 mEq HCI), but ANC of com mercial preparations is less and variable due to differing particle size and crystal structure. Though it liberates CO, in the stomach at a slower rate than NaHCO,, it can cause distention and discomfort. The Ca" ions are partly absorbed.
The greatest drawback of CaCO, as an antacid is that Ca ions diffuse into the gastric mucosa increase HCT production directly by parietal cells as well as by releasing gastrin. Acid rebound occurs.